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WOLVES IN THE MIDST - COLOSSIANS 2:8-23

8/25/2019

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Sermon: Wolves in the Midst by Rev. Jessica Johnson
Date: August 25, 2019
 
Key Scripture Passages: Colossians 2:8-23
 
Sermon Notes:
Spiritual Dangers (verses 8-10)
When Christians evangelize, they go out and tell the lost about Christ. They seek out those who do not believe in Christ or may have never really heard about Christ, and they share about the story of Jesus Christ with them. But that is not what false teachers do. False teachers don’t go seeking the lost. Rather, false teachers go after believers. Their “converts” are people the sit or used to sit in church on Sunday mornings. They seek to destroy the church from the inside.
 
How do false teachers infiltrate a church? I am sure they have many strategies that they use. But one simple reason is, because we let them. Christians let false teachers in, and then their false teachings spread. Churches who succumb to false teachings do so for three main reasons. First, they have become complacent. They think they are safe and no longer stand watch. Second, they choose to follow preachers or leaders that tell them what they want to hear. They want to be comfortable with their choices, and so they don’t want to feel convicted or want to change. Third, they have become lax with the Word of God. They do not know the Bible as well as they should.  Biblical literacy is being lost. So, false teachers could come in and say they that Bible says you must do this, but it actually does not. They have twisted the Scripture around to make it mean what they want it to mean. And the Christians cannot confront or correct the false teachers, because in their ignorance of the Word of God. It is this last one that Paul is warning the Christians in Colossae.
 
The false teachers in Colossae were clever. They were not asking the Christians to deny Christ. They were asking them to make Christ a part of a system of belief. They were denying Christ’s preeminence and fullness. However, they did it in such a way that they weren’t taking anything from Christianity, but merely adding to it and mixing it with other religions.
 
Christ’s Victories Define Us (verses 11-15)
This Gnostic legalism infiltrating the church in Colossae was a bit different than the Jewish legalism we saw infiltrating the church in Galatia. The Judaizes and their Jewish legalism insisted that everyone had to live under obedience to the Law and be circumcised in order to get salvation. The Gnostics, however, saw practicing elements of the Law, such as circumcision, the food laws, and observing Holy Days, as making one more spiritual. The goal for the Gnostics with the Law was not achieving salvation about become more spiritual, the spiritual elite.
 
In Colossians 2:11-15, Paul stated 4 aspects of our identity in Christ that refuted the Gnostics teachings. First, there was a physical circumcision and a spiritual one. Of course, the physical one was an outward sign, but it could never convey grace or salvation. That is why throughout the Old Testament, there is talk about a circumcision of the heart. We need to turn away from our sins and cut sin out of our lives, turning back to God. This dependence on a spiritual ritual for salvation detracts from the fullness of Christ. Christ is the only place we get salvation. Rituals and practices should not be elevated to the same place as Christ. Second, we are alive in Christ. We are the body of Christ, and Christ is the head of the body. He is the source of life.
 
Third, we are freed from the Law because of Christ’s death on the Cross. In Bible days, financial records were kept on parchments. However, the writing could be washed off. That is what is meant when we talk about being washed in the blood of Christ. He paid our debt in full on the Cross with His death. This does not mean that we are lawless. The righteousness of the Law is fulfilled in us, and our relationship with Jesus Christ fosters obedience out of love rather than obedience out of fear.
 
Fourth, Jesus is the victor and had 3 great victories on the Cross. Jesus disarmed the powers and authorities of Satan and his armies. Then, Jesus made a public spectacle by rising from the dead. Through His resurrection, Jesus exposed Satan’s evil deeds. Finally, there was the triumph. When a Roman general won a victory on foreign soil, it was traditional for there to be a parade. Paul alludes to the triumph because of Jesus’s post-resurrection appearances. Jesus did not just die and go to Heaven. He came back to life and then hung out with His friends for a bit.
 
Paul is reminding the Christians that Christ is who can offer salvation. He is all we need, and Christ is over all things. Satan no longer holds sway over this world. Paul is saying, “Don’t forget who Christ is and who you are in Christ.”
 
Warnings (verses 16-23)
Paul lays out the problem of the false teachers. Then, he tells us the solution, which is Jesus Christ. But then, he closes this section with some warnings in verse 16-23.
 
First, Paul warns the Christians to never let anyone judge them. The basis of our freedom and salvation is the person and work of Jesus Christ. Paul tells the Christians that if a false teacher judges them for not maintaining Jewish laws, then that person isn’t even judging the believer, but Jesus Christ Himself. Because basically, the false teacher is saying that Jesus didn’t finish His work on the Cross, so we have to “add” things to make us more spiritual so we can be saved. This is FALSE.  That false teacher is saying that Jesus is not sufficient for all our needs. This is FALSE. Jesus is ALL we need.
 
Second, legalism is bondage. Food is just food. There is no food that will make you more or less spiritual. It is what is in your heart that matters. The food instructions in the Old Testament that God gave could very well have had physical reasons behind them, such as live healthy and take care of yourself. But what a person eats or does not eat should not become a test of spiritual maturity or living. The same goes for observing Holy Days and other legalistic thinking traps.
 
Does this mean that we are just all lawless or the OT Law is meaningless? No and no. The Law still reveals the Holiness of the God and the sins of Man.  It warns of the consequences of those sins. However, the Law cannot offer salvation. Only Christ can.
This brings us to Paul’s third warning: don’t let anyone trick you into thinking that you are not worthy to come to God. I have had people in my life that have told me that they have done too much stuff that God wouldn’t accept or want them. That is false teaching. Anyone can go to God directly. Some of the Colossians were engaged in angel worship and communicating with the spirits. BUT, Paul says we don’t need any mediators, because Christ is our only mediator. Again, everything goes back to Christ.
 
When someone tries to impose a rule or regulation on you in a church or in a denomination or in your spiritual life, did that rule come from God or did some man make it up? Does the Bible support that Rule? We will only know the answers to those two questions if we study the Bible. But remember, as Paul keeps emphasizing in his letter to the Colossians. Christ is over all things, seen and unseen.
Christ is all we need.
 
Challenge: Read Colossians 3 every day this week.

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Spiritual Progress - Colossians 1:24-2:7

8/11/2019

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Sermon Notes
Sermon: Spiritual Progress by Rev. Jessica Johnson
Date: August 11, 2019
 
Key Scripture Passages: Colossians 1:24-2:7
 
Sermon Notes:
Rejoicing Amidst Suffering (Col. 1:24)
As we know, Paul is in prison in Rome when he writes his letter to the Christian church in Colossae. The false teachers in Colossae use that to their advantage in order to attack Paul and undermine his teachings and authority. However, Paul writes to encourage the Colossians and tells them that he is rejoicing in his suffering.
 
Paul is suffering for three reasons. First, he is suffering because of Christ. It was an honor to suffer for Christ. And Paul actually found comfort in this, because he knew that if he shared in Christ’s sufferings, then he could also share in Christ’s comfort. Christ suffered and died on the cross, but His suffering was followed by His defeat of death, His resurrection, and His glory as He ascended back into Heaven. Paul knew that future glories outweighed any current sufferings (Romans 8). In his letter to the Romans, Paul wrote: “For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worth comparing with the glory that is to be revealed to us.” (Romans 8:18 ESV)
 
Second, he is suffering because of the Gentiles. It was actually because of Paul’s ministry to the Gentiles that Paul had been arrested and thrown in prison. (The story of his imprisonment is found in Acts 21-24, if you want to read more.)
 
Third, he is suffering because of the body of Christ, the Church. Paul finds comfort in the irony of this. He used to cause suffering to the Church by persecuting Christians, but now Paul works to care for it and is persecuted because of his devotion to the Church. Also, Paul doesn’t ask what can he get out of the church. Rather, in spite of his suffering in prison, Paul continues to pour into his ministry and trying to figure out how much God will let him put into it. Paul’s ministry is continuing and growing. He is still proclaiming the Gospel and teaching about Christ. The Church continues to grow through his ministry.
 
Paul’s Calling (Col. 1:25-27)
Paul could have compromised and stopped his ministry to the Gentiles. It would have ended his personal suffering and perhaps his imprisonment. However, Paul would not abandon his calling. Paul was entrusted by Christ with a stewardship of the Word of God. Paul knew that he must continue to preach the Word of God in its entirety to all people. F.F. Bruce states, “The word of God is fulfilled in this sense when it is freely proclaimed in the world and accepted in faith; thus it achieves its purpose.”
 
Paul says the word of God is a mystery. Paul is called by Christ to share that mystery with the Gentiles. Here mystery means that which was hidden but is now revealed by the Holy Spirit. The false teachers tried to use mystery as some sacred, divine secret that only the elite could know. For them, the mystery was the inner secrets of their religion that only a select few were privileged to know. However, Paul counters that: “All the truth of God is for all the people of God” (F.F. Bruce).
 
The Old Testament prophets knew about Christ, but what they did not know was the time, when the Messiah was coming. The Old Testament prophets knew that God’s blessings and saving grace extended beyond the God’s chosen people, the Israelites. But they did not know how the Gentiles would be included. The Gentiles and the Jews would become one body, the body of Christ. The Gentiles were no longer outsiders, excluded from God’s grace. In fact, Paul was saying that there was no difference between Jew and Gentile in Christ, and the Jews did not like it.
Paul’s Instruction (Col. 1:28a)
The mystery that had been entrusted to Paul, and really to all Christians, is Christ Himself. Jesus Christ is the substance of the message. He is the sources of life and the embodiment of divine wisdom. Everything comes back to Christ. The false teachers in Colossae preached a system of teaching filled with empty traditions, philosophies, and lists of rules. However, Paul preached, proclaimed, and presented a Person, Jesus Christ. Everything centers on and around Christ.
 
Paul did not just preach or proclaim Christ to all. Paul also warned the people. Similar to how the Old Testament prophets served as watchmen, Paul admonished the Christians when they were in the wrong and would take time to correct or counter false teachings. However, it was not just enough to warn people about the dangers of sin or life apart from God, Paul also taught people about Christ and how to live life under Christ. Paul did not feel the need to introduce “new teachings”. Everything Christians need to know can be found in Christ. He is the source all Truth and Wisdom.
 
Paul’s Intent (Col. 1 28b, 2:2-3)
For Paul, his conversion on the road to Damascus was only the beginning of the revelation of Christ. He didn’t instantly understand the full meaning of what Christ told him. It was the same with the disciples of Jesus. Traveling with Jesus for 3 years, the disciples did not fully understand all that Christ was teaching them until much later. The Word of God, Jesus Christ, is revealed to us, but it takes time to get to know Him. F.F. Bruce states: “…in the proclamation of Christ we bring all wisdom within the reach of all, and our purpose is to present each believer before the face of God in a state of complete spiritual maturity. There should be no exceptions; there are no heights in Christian attainment which are not within the reach of all, by the power of heavenly grace.”
 
There is nothing that I know that you can’t know. There is no special knowledge reserved only for me, because I am an ordained pastor and have been to seminary. God reveals Himself and is waiting for all people, no matter who you are, no matter what you have done or not done, and no matter how much or how little you currently know. It just takes a willing spirit to strive for spiritual progress and maturity. For Paul, conversion is just the beginning of the journey, not the goal. Paul’s intention was to preach, warn, and teach everyone he comes into contact with about Christ and to encourage them forward on their spiritual journey. He wanted them all to stand before Christ as spiritually mature Christians.
 
Paul offered 4 signs of spiritual maturity in Colossians 2:2-3 (ESV), which states:
“…that their hearts may be encouraged, being knit together in love, to reach all the riches of full assurance of understanding and the knowledge of God's mystery, which is Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.”
  • Encouragement – Their hearts would be made renewed by the comfort found through encouragement. Encouragement brings out the best in people while shallow sympathy can make people feel worse.
  • Unity in Love – A mature Christian is a peacemaker and contributes to the spiritual unity of the church. However, an immature Christian will cause trouble and be divisive.
  • Enrichment – Mature Christians do not complain about what they don’t have. Rather, they make use of whatever resources they do have.
  • Assurance – A mature Christian has assurance that they are a child of God. They engage in prayer and Bible study regularly, and they grow in their relationship with and understanding of Christ.
 
Paul’s Prayers (Col. 1:29-2:1)
Paul prayed the Christians in Colossae would be bound together in unity with Christian love. The false teachers placed a great emphasis on knowledge and wisdom. Paul was an intelligent man, and he valued knowledge and wisdom as well. After all, we are to love Jesus with our minds. However, the false teachers were turning knowledge of Christ into games of elitism. F.F. Bruce sums up Paul’s stance: “Over against all those who vied to intellectualize the Christian faith, speaking of knowledge (gnosis) as if it were an end in itself, Paul emphasizes that the revelation of God cannot be properly known apart from the cultivation of brotherly love within the community.” Church, faith community, membership in the body of Christ is crucial to spiritual maturity. God’s love and God’s truth must both be present. You can’t have one without the other.
 
There are times that we may not feel like praying, and that is probably when we need to engage in prayer the most. Prayer is not about us changing the mind of God, but rather, it is about learning about the mind of God and His will.
 
Paul was a man of prayer, and he prayed for all Christians, even if he had not met them. Verse 29 states that he toils in prayer. A literal translation of it alludes to how agonizing Paul’s condition is in that he prays to the point of exhaustion. This is not about physical labor but rather spiritual striving. Paul had a good understanding of the universal church and that all Christians made up the body of Christ. Spiritual warfare and conflict that was afflicted on one part of the body would affect the whole body. Paul engaged in constant prayer against this spiritual opposition.
 
Spiritual Progress and Spiritual Maturity (Colossians 2:4-7)
Not everyone is called to be an apostle like Paul. Not everyone is called to become an ordained pastor of a church or a missionary in a foreign country. However, every single Christian has been given a purpose, a mission by God. We can proclaim the Gospel to people who do not yet believe in Christ, we can strive in prayer, for all people, we can encourage other Christians, we can take care of people with Christ’s love…and the list goes on and on. Both Paul and Jesus took their time to minister to individuals. Even if we just minister to a few, we are helping the whole Church. What is your God-given ministry? Who is in your sphere of influence? How could you tell those people about Christ: either introducing them to who Christ is and what He has done for us or by encouraging other believers in their spiritual journeys with Christ?
 
Paul feels the urgent need for all Christians to be making progress towards spiritual maturity, and so do I. Why is it necessary to make spiritual progress? In the Christian life, no one stands still. They are either walking forward or sliding backward. Someone who is not walking forward becomes a target for the Enemy. Satan is deceptive and likes to twist words around in order to mix people up and send them in the wrong direction away from Christ.
 
In Colossians 2:4-7, Paul uses various words and images to describe spiritual progress. In verse 5, Paul uses such military words as “order” and “steadfastness/firmness”. In an army, everyone has a rank or position. Each soldier has a proper place to be and a specific function to do in order for the army to act as one and to stand united against an enemy.
 
In verse 6, Paul echoes the comparison of the Christian life to a journey or pilgrimage from Colossians 1:10. He tells the Colossians that they are to walk in the Lord by faith and in a manner that is worthy of or pleasing to the Lord. Paul is also reminding them to remain in Christ. The false teachers wanted to introduce supposedly “new teachings or revelations”. However, Paul tells the Colossians that their faith started in Christ and needs to continue with Christ. Christ is sufficient.
 
In verse 7, Paul uses agricultural terminology talking about being rooted in Christ. Faith in Christ provides stability, especially when faced with uncertainties, doubts, and false teachings. Christians are not to just drift on the wind from one philosophy, church, or teaching to another. Nor are they to be transplanted from place to place. The more rooted we are in Christ, the more that we will be able to discern what is truth from God and what are lies from others. We can enjoy our relationships with Christ. In verse 7, Paul also uses an architectural term meaning to build up. Christians, who are making spiritual progress, should keep adding to the body of Christ, pouring into it with their gifts and abilities. Christians are built up through the Word of God. Satan has a hard time going up against a believer that is rooted in God’s Word.
 
And because of God’s saving grace, we can feel gratitude towards God about, or perhaps in spite of, our situation in life. Gratitude is another sign of a spiritually mature Christian. As Wiersbe says, “A grounded, growing, grateful believer will not be led astray.”
 
Challenge: Read Colossians Chapter 2 every day this week.

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Preeminence of Christ - Colossians 1:15-23

8/4/2019

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Sermon Notes
Sermon: Preeminence of Jesus Christ by Rev. Jessica Johnson
Date: August 4, 2019
 
Key Scripture Passages: Colossians 1:15-23
 
Sermon Notes:
Introduction
Paul writes a letter to the Christians in Colossae from his prison in Rome. This was a church that he did not plant and had never visited. Yet, they had sent him a letter asking for his advice concerning some heretical teachings that were occurring in the church. While we can’t know for sure what exactly was being taught, Paul gives us a lot of information by how he responds to the problem. The primary theme of the letter to the Colossians was the preeminence of Jesus Christ. Rather than address the heresy directly, Paul first presents his central beliefs about Christ. He sets the premise, the foundation of the truth of Jesus Christ. We continue our series on Colossians this week by taking a look at what Paul says in Colossians 1:13-23.
 
The Colossian Heresy
Due to its location as a major trade city, the city of Colossae had a very diverse population. The Colossian heresy was more than just mere false teaching. The false teachers were taking elements from other belief systems and mixing them together. The Colossian heresy stemmed from a combination of Jewish legalism, Oriental philosophy, pagan astrology, mysticism, asceticism, Stoicism, and even Christianity. F.F. Bruce said, “When we make Jesus Christ and the Christian revelation only part of a total religious system or philosophy, we cease to give Him preeminence.” Preeminence means “the fact of surpassing all others” or “first of all things”. When we include Jesus as only a part of rather than central to our belief system, then we are merely giving him prominence not preeminence. They were not denying the existence of Christ, but they were dethroning Him. To the false teachers in Colossae, Christ was merely one of many. The essence of this heresy still persists today. Today, we hear it taught as “all religions lead down the same road”. We also see this mixing of spiritual practices as we see Christianity mixed with transcendental meditation, spirit guides, or reiki.
 
The problem went even deeper than that. The false teachers held the view that God is far away, matter is evil, including the human body, and demonic forces are constantly threatening us. They turned to human traditions and outward disciplines and diets to inspire change. They were turning to spiritual beings and angel worship in hopes that these beings would protect them from evil beings as well as enable them to be reconciliated with God. Rather, than just turning to Jesus Christ, the false teachers were trying to invoke the aid of other spirits to attain salvation and reconciliation. By denying that Christ was sufficient, they were denying Christ being fully God.
 
The heresy goes even deeper still. For if matter is evil, then Jesus did not have a real body because God would not have contained Himself in an evil vessel. But if that is true, then the false teachers denied the incarnation of Christ, and they denied the full humanity of Christ. The truth is that God is near us, that God made all things good (though they can be used for evil), and that Christ has delivered His people from the powers of darkness. Change comes from inside by the power of the Holy Spirit.
 
We Need a Savior
Last week, we ended with the Gospel summary in Colossians 1:13-14, which states:
13 He has delivered us from the domain of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of his beloved Son, 14 in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins.

In these verses, Paul lists 4 things that Christ did for us. Man’s greatest problem is sin, so we need a Savior. Christ delivers us from guilt, penalty of sin, and the authority of Satan and the powers of darkness. Christ translated us. We weren’t just released from bondage and then left to our own devices to wander aimlessly. Christ moved us out of the darkness into the kingdom of light. Christ redeemed us. This implies a ransom of some kind, but Jesus did not pay Satan money for us. Rather, Christ the demands of God’s law, and we are freed. Finally, Christ has forgiven us. Forgiveness means “to send away” or “to cancel a debt”. There are no charges left against us. We did not earn it or deserve it, but through God’s grace, we have the freedom of forgiveness.
 
It is now possible for us to fellowship with God, enjoy grace, and seek to do His will. Wiersbe states: “Forgiveness is not an excuse for sin; rather it is an encouragement to obedience.” Jesus Christ is preeminent in Salvation, because no other person could redeem, forgive, and transfer us out of Satan’s grasp and into God’s kingdom and to do it wholly by grace. (Wiersbe)
 
Hymn Honoring Christ
In Colossians 1:15-20, Paul includes a hymn honoring Christ. The hymn has 3 parts. The first part is about the Jesus Christ’s role in the Creation, the second part is about Jesus being the Lord of the universe and the head of the church, and the third part is about Jesus Christ’s role in reconciliation.
 
First Part: Christ is the Creator.
Colossians 1:15-16 states the first part:
15 He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation. 16 For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him. (ESV)

Jesus is the image of God. We are made in the image of God, but He is the image of God. The invisible God is made visible. Jesus is the firstborn of all creation. This doesn’t mean that Jesus was the first thing created. Jesus came prior to creation and is not a created being. By naming Jesus as firstborn of all Creation is about His place/His status, not time. Paul is quick to point out that all things in heaven and earth were created by Him, through Him, and for Him. All owe their existence to Jesus Christ. All of the invisible forces of the Spirit world and all of the visible and material order of the world were created by and are subject to Jesus Christ. This includes those spiritual beings that the false teachers were turning to. Those beings owed their very existence to Christ.
 
Greek philosophers believed that everything needed a primary cause (plan), an instrumental cause (power), and a final cause (purpose). This is all found in Jesus Christ. Jesus planned Creation, produced it, and did it for His pleasure. This passage demonstrates of cosmic significance and the preexistence of Christ, and that Christ is the creator of all things, visible and invisible, on earth and in heaven.
 
Second Part – Jesus is Lord of the Universe and Head of the Church
Colossians 1:17-18a is the second part of the hymn:
17 And he is before all things, and in him all things hold together. 18 And he is the head of the body, the church.

Christ is the sustainer of the universe and the unifying principle of its life. Jesus Christ is the Head of the Church, His body. The analogy of the head and body is used quite a bit by Greek writers and was also commonly used by Paul. Paul used it whenever he wanted to highlight certain aspects of the relationship between the Church and the Christ. The body is made of many members that each have their own function. The head is above and overall. It is the source and origin of life. The head supplies life and exercises control and direction. We are in Christ as members of His body, but also, Christ is in us. He is the one that provides us and animates us with life. Satan does NOT control this world. The risen Christ does.
 
Third Part – Jesus is an agent in reconciliation.
Colossians 1:18b-20 is the third part of the hymn:
He is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, that in everything he might be preeminent. 19 For in him all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell, 20 and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth or in heaven, making peace by the blood of his cross.

It is the risen Christ that is the Head of the Church. Jesus Christ is the firstborn and beginning of all Creation, and Jesus Christ is firstborn of the resurrection. In Jesus Christ, the fullness of God dwells in Him. Through the resurrection, Christ triumphed over all the forces that keep men and women in bondage.  F.F. Bruce states, “…if the (Colossian) heresy envisaged powers intermediate between the supreme God and the world of humanity, so that any communication between God and the world, in either direction, had to pass through spheres in which those powers exercised control. Those who thought this way would be careful to treat those powers with becoming respect.”
 
BUT this is all undermined by Christ. Bruce goes on to say, “…the totality of divine essence and power is resident in Christ. He is the one, all-sufficient intermediary between God and the world of humanity, and all the attributes of God – his spirit, word, wisdom, and glory – are disclosed in him.” The fullness of God is in the risen Jesus Christ in a permanent way. God would not have done that in a mere imperfect man. Jesus Christ is God incarnated: both fully human and fully divine (God). Jesus is all we ever need.
 
The universal church, the body of Christ, does not eliminate or minimize the need for local bodies of believers. It does not release us from the responsibilities we have to the local church as members of the body. This combats the false teaching of “I don’t need the Church; I just need Christ.” Yes, Christ is all we need. We do not need anything else, but we do have responsibilities. Christ has given us a purpose and a mission.
 
Challenge:
The challenge this week is to read Colossians chapter 2 every day this week.
 
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Beginning with Prayer - Colossians 1:1-14

7/28/2019

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​Sermon Notes
Sermon: Beginning with Prayer by Rev. Jessica Johnson
Date: July 28, 2019
 
Key Scripture Passages: Colossians 1:1-14
 
Sermon Notes:
Letter to the Colossians
If Paul had not written his letter to the Christians in the city of Colossae, we probably would have never even known there was a church there. It is not mentioned in Acts or anywhere else in the Bible. Paul himself did not plant the church, and he actually never even visited the church in Colossae. So, how is it that Paul came to write the letter to the Colossians?
 
Colossae was one of 3 cities located inland about 100 miles from Ephesus. The other two cities are Laodicea and Hierapolis. It is thought that the Christians churches that sprang up from ministries/mission work stemming from the church Paul helped to start in Ephesus. At one point, all 3 cities served as a meeting point between East and West as a major trade route passed through them. They were growing and prosperous. All kinds of philosophies and religions abounded, including a large Jewish colony.
 
However, by Paul’s time, Colossae had slipped in its prominence, but it was still large enough for Paul to take notice. In turn, Paul’s reputation was known far and wide, and even though he was in prison in Rome, he had many visitors and correspondence. Epaphras, one of the leaders of the church at Colossae, delivered a letter personally to Paul and to confer with him about some issues they were having in the church. The letter to the Colossians is Paul’s response. Epaphras chose to stay with Paul to help him with his work, and someone else delivered the letter.
 
Structure of the Letter
Ancient letters began with a greeting that typically included the same of the sender, the name of the addressee, and a message of greeting. We find that in Colossians 1:1-2 (ESV):
1 Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy our brother,
2 To the saints and faithful brothers in Christ at Colossae:
Grace to you and peace from God our Father.
Notice that in this case, Timothy assisted Paul in writing the letter. A Jewish message of greeting was typically “shalom”, or “peace”. Paul preferred to emphasize grace, and his letters typically will say “grace and peace” as it does here. Paul’s letters also highlight that the grace and peace stem from God and Jesus Christ. 1 Thessalonians is the only letter in which “grace and peace” stands alone, and it is unknown as to why Paul does not mention Christ here. It is especially curious since most of Colossians chapter one is all about Christ. In fact, the whole letter is pretty much all about Christ. Perhaps he did it for effect?
 
The next part of an ancient Greek letter was often an expression of Thanksgiving. When we did our sermon series on Galatians, a few weeks ago, I pointed out that Paul was on a bit of a rant and skipped over the Thanksgiving part. However, in Colossians 1:3-8, Paul does express thanksgiving. The interesting thing about this section is that it is written in the plural. Often when Paul includes others with him in the greeting, he will switch to the singular in the thanksgiving demonstrating their names are there as a courtesy, but he really is the sole author. Because the thanksgiving part in Colossians remains in the plural, this tells us that the letter really was from both Paul and Timothy. Another interesting thing is that this section of thanksgiving is interwoven with a prayer of intercession.
 
Paul is writing to address a problem. But the way that he addresses the problem in Colossae is a stark contrast with how he addresses the problem in Galatia. With Galatia, he knew them personally and was friends with them. He skipped over the small talk and jumped straight into dealing with the problem. Paul was angry and had no problem showing it.
 
However, with Colossae, Paul does not have a personal relationship with them, so he must first establish a bit of rapport, even though they are the ones coming to him for advice. Paul also establishes a central and foundational theology about Christ before directly addressing the problems. Paul approaches them in a much gentler and teaching manner. And honestly, what a better way to approach a dilemma than to begin with prayer?
 
Paul’s Prayer for the Colossians
3 We always thank God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, when we pray for you, 4 since we heard of your faith in Christ Jesus and of the love that you have for all the saints, 5 because of the hope laid up for you in heaven. Of this you have heard before in the word of the truth, the gospel, 6 which has come to you, as indeed in the whole world it is bearing fruit and increasing—as it also does among you, since the day you heard it and understood the grace of God in truth, 7 just as you learned it from Epaphras our beloved fellow servant. He is a faithful minister of Christ on your behalf 8 and has made known to us your love in the Spirit.
9 And so, from the day we heard, we have not ceased to pray for you, asking that you may be filled with the knowledge of his will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding, 10 so as to walk in a manner worthy of the Lord, fully pleasing to him: bearing fruit in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God; 11 being strengthened with all power, according to his glorious might, for all endurance and patience with joy; 12 giving thanks to the Father, who has qualified you to share in the inheritance of the saints in light. 13 He has delivered us from the domain of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of his beloved Son, 14 in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins.
 
Let’s examine what Paul prays to God about the Colossians. Paul is praying to God, but he is also writing to the Colossian. While it is not uncommon for him to include a prayer in his letters, Paul is very intentional with the wording of his prayers. Paul’s prayer for the Colossians here is one of my favorite prayers in the Bible. However, as we study the rest of the letter, we will see it is also a bit of an outline of topics he intends to address with them.
  1. Paul thanks God for their faith in Christ and their love for all the saints. (verses 3-4)
  2. Paul reminds them of the Gospel they have been taught. Oh, and, just in case they forgot, the Gospel centers on Jesus Christ, is grounded in the word of truth, and a message of God’s grace for the whole world. (verses 5-6)
  3. Paul assures the Colossians that he knows of their faith in Jesus Christ, and they have been discipled as a part of the church body. (verses 7-8)
Here verse 8 is sort of interesting, because it is the one and only time that Paul mentions the Holy Spirit in the whole letter. Now, living in the Spirit versus living in the flesh is a common theme through a lot of Paul’s writings, but in the letter to the Colossians, this is the only time Paul mentions the Holy Spirit. There is a reason for this that we will talk about more in the next couple weeks. But for now, I just want to point that out to you, and I want you to keep that in mind as we explore the rest of the letter. Just remember that just because someone says that something is spiritual that does not mean it is Christian or that it is good.
  1. Paul prays that the Colossians are filled with God’s knowledge, wisdom, and spiritual understanding. Right knowledge leads to right behavior. So, if they are filled with knowledge of God, this should lead to godly behavior, or living in a manner that is worthy of or pleasing to the Lord as it states in verse 10. (Verses 9-10)
  2. Then, Paul prays they may be filled with God’s power so that they may endure or persevere and be patient and joyful. Such power would enable them to stand firm against any trials and oppositions. Paul’s reference to endurance and patience here would have stood in contrast to Stoic thinking which would have been prevalent at the time. Stoics would have been able to endure discomfort calmly and without complaint. However, the difference is they would not have been singing hymns of praise in their jail cells like Paul and Silas did. There is a quote that states, “Theology is grace and ethics is gratitude. If God’s action and attitude toward His people have been characterized by grace, their response to Him, in life and conduct as well as in thought and word, should be characterized by gratitude.” (Bruce, F.F.?) Paul emphasizes that not only should we be patient and persevere but that we should do so with joy and gratitude. (verses 11-12)
  3. Paul ends his prayer with the promise and hope of salvation, restoration, and redemption found in Christ as well as what Christ did for us. This is a bit of a Gospel summary. It serves as both an anchor and a transition into the next passage about Christ. (verses 13-14)
 
This idea of fullness, being filled with God’s knowledge and power, continues later in Colossians chapter 2. Part of the controversy was that people were turning to other things to aid in their spiritual journey, including other spiritual beings. Paul emphasized the fullness and being filled with God, because Christ is sufficient. Christ is all we need. We don’t need anything else. The whole letter of Colossians is drawing them back to Christ and how Christ is over all things. Even though, we cannot be certain exactly what the Colossian heresy is, we can be certain that it attacked Christ and His role in some way, since Paul’s response is all about Christ and the preeminence of Christ. Next week, we are going to explore a bit more about the Colossian heresy and how elements of it are still prevalent today. Many of the false teachings that Paul stood and argued against are the same ones that we continue to stand and argue against today. They can be persistent, but in the end, they cannot stand up to the truth of Christ.
 
Prayer and Christ
From today’s passage, I want you to take away two things. First, Christ is all we need. John 14:6 states: “Jesus said to him, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.”  The only way to salvation, to truth, to redemption, to life, to anything good is through Jesus Christ. We all need Christ, and Christ is all we need.
 
The second take-away is prayer. Whenever we are facing a dilemma, we should begin by praying to God about it. It doesn’t even have to be dealing with a problem. It could just be about next steps or making decisions. Whatever it is, our first step should be prayer. Prayer is not a last resort, but rather it is a beginning. Paul used prayer here in a couple of ways. First, he turned it over to God first and prayed over the people of Colossae. Second, he used it to establish common ground with the Colossians and to demonstrate a oneness of faith in Christ. Third, Paul also used prayer as a way to remind them of the truth of the Gospel. In this short prayer, Paul actually gives two quick reminders of the true Gospel in verses 3-6 and again in verses 12-14. Fourth, Paul begins and ends his prayer talking about Jesus Christ. From start to finish, his goal is to keep the focus on Jesus Christ. Paul does not establish rapport by giving his resume or credence of his own authority, but rather, all his attention and focus is on Christ throughout all of Colossians Chapter One. May your attention, your heart, your focus, and your mind be on Christ in prayer as you go throughout your week.
 
Challenge:
I want to leave you with a challenge this week. The challenge is to read Colossians chapter one every day this week.


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Perseverance of the Gospel - Philippians 1:12-18

7/21/2019

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Sermon Notes
 
Sermon: Perseverance of the Gospel by Rev. Jessica Johnson
Date: July 21, 2019
 
Key Scripture Passages: Philippians 1:12-18
 
Sermon Notes:
Philippians 1:12-18 (ESV):
The Advance of the Gospel
12 I want you to know, brothers, that what has happened to me has really served to advance the gospel, 13 so that it has become known throughout the whole imperial guard and to all the rest that my imprisonment is for Christ. 14 And most of the brothers, having become confident in the Lord by my imprisonment, are much more bold to speak the word without fear.
15 Some indeed preach Christ from envy and rivalry, but others from good will. 16 The latter do it out of love, knowing that I am put here for the defense of the gospel. 17 The former proclaim Christ out of selfish ambition, not sincerely but thinking to afflict me in my imprisonment. 18 What then? Only that in every way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is proclaimed, and in that I rejoice.
 
Imprisoned Voices
Every one of us has felt “imprisoned” at some point in our lives. It could have been an actual prison, but more often than not, it is a situation in our lives. We can feel trapped by a relationship, a financial burden or debt, a job, perceived limitations placed on gender roles or race, illness or injury, or lack of education, perhaps the wrong kind of education. There are so many situations that can make us feel trapped. Another very important way is a loss of freedom of voice. When I was a teacher, I felt very restricted in what I could say and what I could not. I even remember telling parents that if they wanted to make changes in the educational system that they were the ones that had to speak up. Parents had a voice, but teachers did not in many of those circumstances.
 
I know what some of you might be thinking, “We live in America, and freedom of speech is the very first right we have that is listed in the Bill of Rights.” Yes, we do have freedom of speech. In the news, this last week, I have heard a lot about the freedom of speech. However, there are many times when our voices are restricted, or perhaps should be restricted. There are responsibilities that are attached to our rights and freedoms. But too often, as Christians, we do find our voices restricted. I want you right now to think of times when you very much wanted to say something but didn’t. What prevented you from speaking? Today, many Christians are finding it difficult to express their beliefs freely, because we may be perceived as intolerant, hypocritical, judgmental, bigoted, or out-of-touch with today’s society.
 
In Philippians 1:12-18, we find Paul has been imprisoned for things that he had been saying and preaching about Christ. During this time in prison, Paul wrote the book of Philippians. We call it a book, but it is actually a letter to the church in Philippi that Paul had helped to start. They were concerned about his situation and him. Yet, we find that prison does not stop Paul from continuing to preach the Gospel. He wrote to the Philippians with the express wish to encourage them and explain how God continues to be active in his situation. Paul encouraged the Philippians to rejoice with him in the perseverance of the Gospel despite the adversities he was facing, such as imprisonment and the false motivations of other preachers.
 
The Gospel still endures oppositions today. Think about our society, and what are some of the common adversities that Christianity currently faces? Just as Paul encouraged the Philippians to do, we can see that God is still active in our lives today, and He can give us the strength and confidence we need to do His will and speak the Gospel message. Our hope lies in the fact that the Gospel message is still needed and very much relevant today. Proclamation of the story of Christ is one of the most important things that we, as Christians, are called to do. In fact, proclaiming the Gospel is our entire mission.
 
The Gospel perseveres despite imprisonment. Philippians 1:12-13.
Let’s take a look at Philippians 1:12-13. Paul has been imprisoned for preaching about Christ. Traditionally, it is thought that Paul was under house arrest some place in Rome versus being in an actual prison. House arrest would explain his ability to receive visitors and correspondence so easily. Regardless, we do know that he was in military custody for his teachings about Christ. However, he was exhilarated that the Gospel continued to advance despite his being imprisoned. There is evidence of this in verse 13 when it says that the Gospel had “become known throughout the whole imperial guard and to all the rest”. Paul was preaching to all those he came into contact with, including his guards. Just take a moment to picture the irony of this: Paul is imprisoned for preaching the Gospel, but he is preaching the Gospel to his prison guards. Paul wanted the Philippians to feel his joy over the fact that the Gospel was still able to be shared and spread. Later in the chapter in verses 27-28, we see that Paul also desired the church in Philippi to live in a way that was worthy of the Gospel and to stand firm, bravely and united, in their faith (verses 27-28). Prison did not diminish or silence Paul’s voice.
 
Paul was physically imprisoned but had freedom of voice. Whereas we are physically free, but our voices are imprisoned. We may be wary of what we say because we could be rejected or attacked. We may be cautious of what we say out of fear of offending someone. There is also the old adage that religion and politics should never be discussed. This attitude has been more recently expressed as “to each their own”. However, why shouldn’t we discuss religion? Why should God-talk only occur within the walls of a church? Christians face many barriers to God-talk, even within the church itself. First, there is fear of rejection, alienation, personal attacks, and so on. Some of you may have experienced this. I know I have.
 
Second, in our culture, there is the extreme emphasis on political correctness. We must use language, certain word choices, and certain approaches so that we do not offend anyone. We have seen this most recently in Berkley’s decision last week to make all the language gender neutral in the city’s code. This type of thinking can even be found in the church as some want to avoid talking about sin altogether. Yet, we need to call out sin for what it is: sin, open rebellion against God.
 
Most people do not make the connection between political correctness and postmodernism. But postmodernism is a third reason that God-talk is limited, and it bears a direct connection with political correctness. Postmodernism is founded in the use of language to construct reality. There is a constant need to redefine words in order for the definition of a word to be socially acceptable. There is this extreme requirement that everyone must be tolerant of everyone else, also known as the “tolerance movement”. However, due to the social redefinition of postmodernism, the word “tolerant” itself has been redefined. Under the old definition of “tolerant”, it meant that one had to acknowledge that other people had different beliefs than their own. Under the new definition of “tolerant”, it now means that we have to accept that other people’s beliefs, not only exist, but they are equally valid and truthful as our own. This subtle shift changes things from there are many different beliefs to all beliefs are equally true. You may have heard the saying that “all faiths lead to Heaven”. But how do we reconcile that concept with John 14:6 which says, “Jesus said to him, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me”? We are will talk about more this as we study Paul’s letter to the Colossians, starting next week.
 
As Christians, we are commanded to tell all of the world the Gospel message in its entirety. The Great Commission in Matthew 28:16-20 is where this command is found. The early followers of Christ were commanded to teach all that Jesus had taught them. Jesus is our authority and promises to be with us always as we carry out His commands. In this, we can find our strength. In Acts 1:8, it states that Christians are to be Jesus’s witnesses to the entire world. Witness means that one needs to share what they have seen, heard, and experienced. It doesn’t specify only the good stuff or only the bad stuff. A full witness account includes everything that was seen or heard.
 
Why is it important to preach the Gospel? In Genesis, it tells the story of how man fell from grace and into sin. The whole rest of the Bible, specifically the Gospel story, shows God going to great lengths to redeem us from our sins and to reconcile us in a renewed relationship with Him. If we do not acknowledge the ugliness of sin, then we can’t understand the necessity of God’s gift of grace to us or recognize the need of the Gospel message of sacrifice and reconciliation. Many of us feel torn between what God is commanding us to do in sharing the Gospel and actually doing it in a way that is relevant to our culture today.
 
We know the importance of speaking the Gospel, but we do not always feel equipped to do so. How do we get that same boldness and the same sense of urgency to speak the truth of the Gospel that the Christians felt in Philippians 1:14?
 
The Gospel perseveres when we speak it boldly. Philippians 1:14
The early Christians were encouraged by Paul’s ministry of the Gospel continuing despite his imprisonment. His story and ministry inspired them to speak the Gospel boldly though they could have faced similar or worse punishments for preaching the Gospel as Paul did. The early Christians would have battled the same fears of rejection and alienation just as we do today. They would have also faced physical persecution, prison, or possibly death for their faith. At one point in the early church, just identifying yourself as a “Christian” could invoke persecution and punishments.
 
Because we do not face imminent death, there are actually American Christians who feel that we are not persecuted in any way. However, death is not the only method of persecution. In our country, there are more subtle ways of persecution and some not so subtle. Today, we need to be careful that we do not become too complacent in our comfort that we do not even recognize when we are being persecuted.
 
Even in spite of prison and death as possible consequences, Paul and his fellow workers were BOLD to speak the Gospel. When God is the source of our confidence and strength, then we can speak of the full story of the Gospel boldly. We can speak the truth of God directly and plainly without hiding parts of it or glossing over difficult concepts. Notice that they did not attempt to change it or water it down in order to make it “relevant” to their society or culture. The early Christians simply proclaimed the Gospel of Christ as they had been taught or experienced firsthand. Speaking the truth boldly does not mean that we forget about tactfulness however. We should still preach the truth out of love. Jesus is our example in this. He always spoke the truth, even if it was difficult for His audience to hear. However, Jesus did it in such a way as to inspire change rather than personally attack anyone.
 
Old Testament Example
Let’s explore some examples of those overcoming their fears and speaking God’s words boldly. First, in the Old Testament, we have the story of Moses. In Exodus 4:1-17, there is the story of Moses and the burning bush. God speaks to Moses and asks him to be His representative to Pharaoh. God was basically asking Moses to go up against his brother (by adoption). This was a man who he had grown up with and knew personally, not just some stranger. Moses was already in hiding when God came to him because of some things he had done. Moses tells God that he’s not equipped for this task and basically claims to be a bad speaker. Moses begs him to send someone else. God is not happy but does send Aaron to help Moses. God promises to give them the words to say. We are called to speak the Gospel to people in our lives.
 
How many people are afraid of public speaking? How many people feel they have nothing of interest or benefit to say to others? How many feel that they do not know enough to teach others? All of these stems from our fears and insecurities. However, God promises to be with us and give us the ability and the words to do His will. Now let’s look again at Moses, but this time in Exodus 32. Here, we find a much stronger Moses. He speaks boldly to God in his request for God to spare the people despite their sin and idolatry. He also displays a commanding presence when he confronts the people about their sins. There is no more of the scared Moses who was afraid to speak that we saw at the burning bush. Moses was not afraid to call people out on their sins. His confidence in the Lord has grown which has also increased his self-confidence.
 
New Testament Example
In the New Testament, we see another example with Peter. In Matthew 26:69-75, after Jesus was arrested, Peter denies even knowing Christ three times. He was afraid for his safety and perhaps of being arrested himself. Peter’s first two denials were aimed towards a servant girl who would not have had any power over him. After Christ was crucified and resurrected, we see a very different Peter. One who is more assured of his faith and confident in himself. In Acts 4, this time Peter is not questioned by a mere servant but by many religious leaders, including the high priest. John is also with Peter. Here Peter speaks boldly about Christ and the work he is doing in Christ’s name. These men would have had the power to do something to him, but we see a much more assertive Peter. In Acts 4:13, it even states that the religious leaders were astonished at his boldness. The religious leaders tried to silence Peter and John, but their response in Acts 4:19-20 was “Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you rather than to God, you must judge, for we cannot but speak of what we have seen and heard.” Their faith in God and all they had seen Jesus do inspired in them a confidence that would not be shaken. They felt compelled to share all they had witnessed despite persecution and potential punishments.
 
Bold God-Talk
God will equip us with all that we need to accomplish His will for us. He is continuously and always actively working in each of our lives. The more that Moses and Peter knew about God, the more confident they were. The stronger our beliefs are and the more that we study God and His Word, the more it will become more natural of us to speak about God with others. We never know who may be watching us. We could be an inspiration to others. The early Christians were more confident to speak because of Paul’s ministry in prison, and they saw what God was doing through Paul. Who could we be inspiring that same type of confidence in without even knowing it? We should not be afraid of talking about religion or sharing the Gospel. God is our source of strength, confidence, and can give us the words we say, just as he did with Moses. I know there are times that I have spoken with others, and those words had to have come from God. They were not my words, but they just came pouring out of me. And they were perfect for the situation. It is possible to overcome our fears and be free to share what God has done in our lives. The Gospel inspires change, and when we accept Christ in our hearts, change occurs in our lives, relationships, daily interactions, choices, etc.
 
There are many ways for us to feel equipped to speak about God. First, we have to trust God and overcome our fears. We can grow in our relationship with Him and communicate with Him through prayer. Second, we can depend on each other as we walk together in our faith in God. Church fellowship and involvement allow for safe opportunities of God-talk. We can practice and get into the habits of freely talking about God and exploring His Word. Third, we can get to know God better by studying the Bible. Again, we can feel more comfortable talking about God if we know God. People will talk about what they know and what they’re passionate about. When people see that we are passionately talking about something that we know well, they will engage us out of curiosity. This provides so many opportunities for more God-talk. Our knowledge does not immediately have to be extensive, because we are always learning.
 
Where do you hear people talk about God? Even in the church setting, God-talk doesn’t always happen. Yet, God will provide us opportunities for God-talk. As we learn to overcome our fears and speak God’s Word boldly, we will find that we will experience spiritual growth and knowledge. The more that we know about God and His Word, the more we realize that not all who proclaim God know what they are talking about, or they do not speak from pure motives. We may find that the Gospel message is being distorted in some fashion.
 
The Gospel perseveres despite alternative or false teachings of it. Philippians 1:15-17
As we look again at Philippians 1:15-17, we see that Paul pointed out that while some preachers were preaching out of love and sincerity, others were preaching from false motives, such as envy, rivalry (with Paul), and selfish ambition. Some showed such personal disdain for Paul that they were preaching in a way that was not only different from Paul but in such a way as to afflict harm on Paul. Paul does not specify what these personal attacks were, but he does know that it was directly aimed at him. Today, we have a mix of preachers as well, and quite often we can immediately figure out who is sincere and who is preaching out of selfish ambition.
Human failings are much the same now as they were in Paul’s day. These false motivations can also lead to false, alternative, or distorted teachings as well. The more that we study the Bible, the more that we are able to pick up on such falsifications. Christians should not ignore certain parts of the God’s Word, especially just because it might be uncomfortable or because it fits their narrative. The church is losing biblical literacy, and it is allowing these alternative or false teachings to occur. That is why it is so important for us to study the Bible for ourselves and within the context of church fellowship, so that we can discern correct teachings and motivations from false ones.
 
Christians must know the Gospel in order to teach it or to correct false teachings. The deeper our knowledge and belief is of Christ, the more genuine our faith can be. Also, God-talk will come more naturally to us, and we will be more equipped and more confident to teach about Christ. There is no substitution for sincere, authentic faith. Our desire to teach and spread the Gospel should be about glorifying God and invoking positive change in others to bring them closer to God. If we are passionate about God, then nothing can prevent us from sharing the Gospel. False motivations, alternative or false teachings, fear, lack of confidence, feelings of inadequacy…none of these things will stand in our way.
 
Feelings of Fear or Inadequacy
Of course, there will still be times when we will feel fear or inadequate. But in those times, we can remember and trust that God is the source of our strength and that His message, His Truth, has endured and continues to endure throughout the ages amidst all sorts of adversity. If the Gospel message can persevere through Paul’s imprisonment, then it can certainly endure despite our fears or any shortcomings that we feel. God intends for us to spread the Truth of the Gospel out of our love for others. Therefore, it is important that we remain faithful to the genuine, truthful teachings of the Gospel. We must study the Gospel thoroughly and daily in order to know it well enough to share it. We can be and are life-long learners of God. When we overcome our fears and speak the Gospel boldly and authentically, we become examples for others. Our courage and sincerity can inspire others. We can rejoice that the truth of the Gospel has not only persevered through us but also serves as the source of our perseverance.
 
The Gospel perseveres and allows us to rejoice amidst opposition of it. Philippians 1:18
In Philippians 1:18, Paul was rejoicing over the perseverance of the Gospel. Notice that he was not a masochist or anything by rejoicing over his sufferings for Christ. Rather, Paul rejoiced because the Gospel continued to advance in spite of his sufferings. Paul’s focus was not on his personal afflictions. Those were cast aside as he focused solely on the Gospel and what was occurring with his ministry. The Gospel continued to be proclaimed, even to his captors, and people were coming to follow Christ. His fellow workers in ministry were inspired to be more confident in their preaching and teachings of the Gospel. A lot of good things were happening despite Paul’s personal circumstances, and it was in all of this that Paul was able to rejoice.
 
Many people struggle with how to be happy with all of the evil in the world. Just as God is the source of our strength and confidence, God is also the source of our joy. Our joys and hopes should be based on God, not our circumstances.
 
Does Motivation Matter?
This can also affect our motivations. In Philippians 1:15-17, Paul explores the variety of motivations of his fellow preachers. Then, in Philippians 1:18, Paul says that those motivations don’t matter, because the Gospel is being proclaimed, which is all that does matter. This begs the question, does the motivation of a preacher/teacher matter? Ultimately, Paul is right. Christ being proclaimed is all that matters.
 
However, personally, I think, motivations do matter. If the person has false motivations when they are teaching, then their souls and relationship with Christ are at stake. Proclaiming the Gospel is just one thing we are called to do. The Bible has many passages about how we should correct false/alternative teachings as we encounter them. In order to do that, we need to firmly know what we believe and why we believe it. These false teachers need to be corrected for their own sakes, not the sake of the Gospel. At times, even Christians need Christ to be shared with them again and again. This is another time when we need to speak boldly.
 
In Philippians 1:12-18, Paul sets the example of how the Gospel can persevere through authentic motives and authentic teachings. God is always active in our lives. He is not just active in the lives of Christians, but He is active in the life of every living person on this planet whether or not they acknowledge it. As we saw with Moses, Moses was hesitant and not even willing to follow God’s will, but God did wondrous things through Him. As God worked through Moses to free His people and care for them in the wilderness, Moses became stronger and more confident in his faith and following of God.
 
The Gospel message is a story of hope. Yes, there is evil and adversity in this world, but God can overcome it all. He is the source of all good and joy in this world. He can work through us to overcome our fears and empower us to do His will. Paul rejoices because despite any possible false motivations, people are talking about and accepting Christ. Paul recognizes that God is active in all people. And as long as people are talking about God, such discussion opens the door for people to talk about God in a sincere and truthful way.
 
When we acknowledge that God is active and personally involved in our lives, we can be stronger, more confident, more resilient, and more optimistic. The Gospel is just as relevant today as it was in Paul’s day. Our confidence in God allows us to recognize the Gospel’s value and relevance. God will give us the words and opportunities to demonstrate that relevance to others. We need to seek out and take advantage of those opportunities for God-talk. We can rejoice in God’s goodness, the hope of the Gospel, and chances to advance the Gospel.
 
Paul sat in prison. Those that opposed him sought to further afflict him with their teachings. They did not just have alternative teachings or false motives. They took it a step further and intentionally tried to hurt or personally attack Paul. Despite his circumstances, Paul found opportunities to continue to preach the Gospel and proclaim Christ. He allowed God to work through him, and Paul inspired people well beyond his prison walls. Paul put his personal concerns aside and instead focused on the significance of the Gospel and his work in confirming, defending, and advancing the Gospel. He sought to encourage others, even when he probably needed encouragement himself.
 
Paul is an example that we are not alone in our faith of God. We need to speak boldly and look for opportunities to advance the Gospel, authentically and in its entirety. We should rejoice over any God-talk and use those times as chances for right and sound teaching of the Gospel. Continuous study of God’s Word and ceaseless prayer are ways that can build our relationship with God and our confidence in both God and ourselves.
 
Paul also demonstrates that the Gospel will not bend or break. It remains firm, unchanging, in spite of the motivations of preachers and teachers and in spite of whatever twisted thinking culture tries to throw at it. Many of the arguments and challenges Christians face today are the same as what Paul faced, and the Gospel has persevered for hundreds of years.
 
We can and should be consciously aware of how what we say or do can confirm, advance, and defend the truth of the Gospel. The Gospel remains relevant to all people, and we can share that with others by speaking the truth boldly out of our knowledge and love of Christ and others. I encourage you to look for opportunities of God-talk as you go throughout the week. The world needs to hear the Word of God. The world needs Christ. So, speak boldly, proclaiming the Gospel of Christ to all.

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Concern for the Galatians - Galatians 4:1-5:15

7/7/2019

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Sermon Notes
 
Sermon: Concern for the Galatians by Rev. Jessica Johnson
Date: July 7, 2019
 
Key Scripture Passages: Galatians 4:1-5:15
 
Sermon Notes:
Legalistic Thinking Traps
One of the appeals of the legalistic thinking trap is that it gives the appearance of spiritual maturity. Now, our faith should be a visible faith. It should be evident to those around us that we believe and follow God. However, legalistic thinking can come in and turn that need for our faith to be visible into something to be judged and inspected. It can twist it into a point of pride or a point of contention.
 
For example, I knew a preacher that would go and visit with first-time visitors. During the visit, he would ask if they were believers and if they were baptized. So far, so good, right? But if they said yes, then he would ask what the fruit of their faith was. In essence, he was asking them for visible proof of their faith. Now, I don’t know what his reasoning was, but that he asked this question was a red flag, raising suspicion of legalistic thinking.
 
I could see a similar type of conversation taking place between the Judiazers and the Gentiles in the church in Galatians. They meet.
Galatians: Oh, you guys are Christians, too? That’s so exciting! It isn’t such great news that Christ died for our sins and came back to life?!
Judiazers: Oh, so you think you are a Christian? Hmm…but you are eating THAT?
Galatians: Yes, it’s great.
Judiazers: Well, that’s not kosher. True followers of God don’t eat that. Are you circumcised?
Galatians: No.
Judiazers: You’re not circumcised! Hmm…well, are you sure you’re a Christian. Let me teach you how to be a Christian.
And then, comes the lists of do’s and don’ts.
 
Paul is writing his letter to the Galatians, combatting the false teachings and legalistic thinking of the Judiazers. Paul lays out 6 arguments. We covered the first three last week. First, Paul appeals to the Galatians with a personal argument in Galatians 3:1-5. He tells them that he was there when they converted to Christianity, and he personally witnessed how the Holy Spirit had transformed them. Secondly, Paul grounds the personal experience in Scripture with a scriptural argument in Galatians 3:6-14. The Judiazers are twisting passages about the Old Testament Law, and Paul quotes 6 Old Testament verses properly to support his case against them. Third, Paul appeals to their logic with a logical argument in Galatians 3:15-29. He talks about how the Law does not supersede the Covenant of God and actually serves a different purpose. The Law highlights the sin in our lives and allows to see the differences in living a sinful life and living a righteous life. The Covenant of God promises grace, salvation from our sins, and life.
 
Today, we will cover the last of the 6 arguments: the historical argument, the sentimental argument, and the allegorical argument.
 
The Historical Argument – Gal. 4:1-11
Paul’s historical argument is found in Galatians 4:1-11. Paul talks about what the Galatians were before Christ and compares it to what they are now. Under the Law, they were like children, being told what to do, when to do it, and how to do it. As adults, they are freer with their choices in how they live their lives. Legalism is therefore a step backwards, towards childhood, where everything is dictated.
 
Galatians 4:4-7 (ESV) states:
4 But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law, 5 to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons. 6 And because you are sons, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, “Abba! Father!” 7 So you are no longer a slave, but a son, and if a son, then an heir through God.
 
Paul tells the Galatians in Christ they are sons of God. They are no longer slaves to sin. They are no longer in bondage as servants under the law. They are sons of God. What is the difference? It is more than just being a part of a family. There are rights to being a son and heir.
  • The son has a Father, but the servant has a master. It is a different type of relationship. There is a close, personal relationship to be had with God.
  • The son has the same nature as the Father, but a servant does not. Man is made in God’s image, and we bear His likeness. The fruit of the Holy Spirit grows in our lives.
  • The son obeys out of love, but a servant obeys out of fear. The Holy Spirit works on our hearts, and the fruit of the Spirit is love. God is the source of love.
  • The son is rich, but the servant is poor. We are gifted with the riches of God’s grace, wisdom, goodness, and glory.
  • The son has a future, but the servant does not. Some kind masters of old may have provided for their servants, but they were not required to. However, as a son and heir, a future is assured.
 
The Sentimental Argument – Gal. 4:12-18
Paul does not just want to lecture the Galatians. He felt genuine concern over their well-being, because they were friends. Paul tells them he is writing to them for their own good, not his, but he warns them that the Judiazers are using the Galatians for their own purposes, not the good of the Galatians. His fifth argument is more sentimental in Galatians 4:12-18. He draws once again upon a personal memory between the Galatians and himself. But rather then give an example of when Paul modeled the love and grace he was preaching, Paul reminds them of a time when the Galatians showed Paul love. He had experienced a physical ailment of some kind, and rather than reject him, the Galatians had shown him love, care, and grace. Paul beseeched them to remember that kindness and wondered where it had gone. Because legalistic thinking is not kind, loving, or full of grace. In these few verses, the rage felt in the earlier chapters has shifted into sorrow and genuine concern.
 
The Allegorical Argument – Gal. 4:19-31
Paul’s 6th argument is the allegorical argument found in Galatians 4:19-31. Again, Paul appeals to Old Testament Scriptures and tells the story of Hagar and Sarah. Hagar was the slave of Abraham and Sarah, and she bore Abraham a son named Ishmael. Hagar represents earthly Jerusalem in bondage, life in the flesh, and life under the law. Sarah was Abraham’s wife, a freewoman, and she bore Abraham a son named Isaac. Sarah represents heavenly Jerusalem, miracles, and grace. Isaac was a miracle baby. Sarah had been barren and did not give birth to him till she was 99 years old. He was her only child. Paul used the familiar story of Abraham to allegorically show the difference in life under the Law and life under Christ.
 
Final Thoughts
Legalistic thinking traps the Christian into thinking they are spiritually mature because they are DOING good things. There are measurable, visible, external results. These good deeds, good works, are not themselves bad. However, they should be a natural outcome of our faith rather than the focus of our faith. When we focus too much on DOING Christianity rather than BEING a Christian, then we have fallen into legalism. God doesn’t just want us to act on His behalf; God wants US.
 
In Galatians 5:1-15, after laying the foundation of his arguments, Paul teaches more explicitly about the freedom found in Christ and the responds a bit more directly about the trouble being stirred up in the church in Galatia. Those under the law are to keep the Law in its entirety. There are no room for mistakes. Those under Christ have freedom to make choices in how to encounter God. If they make a mistake, they have a chance to repent their mistakes. However, the freedom in Christ does not give us a license to act anyway that we wish. Rather, it allows us to encounter God through the natural flow of an authentic relationship.
 
I want to close by reading Paul’s words from Galatians 5:1-15 about freedom in Christ.
Galatians 5:1-15 (ESV):
1For freedom Christ has set us free; stand firm therefore, and do not submit again to a yoke of slavery.
2 Look: I, Paul, say to you that if you accept circumcision, Christ will be of no advantage to you. 3 I testify again to every man who accepts circumcision that he is obligated to keep the whole law. 4 You are severed from Christ, you who would be justified by the law; you have fallen away from grace. 5 For through the Spirit, by faith, we ourselves eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness. 6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision counts for anything, but only faith working through love.
7 You were running well. Who hindered you from obeying the truth?8 This persuasion is not from him who calls you. 9 A little leaven leavens the whole lump. 10 I have confidence in the Lord that you will take no other view, and the one who is troubling you will bear the penalty, whoever he is. 11 But if I, brothers, still preach circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? In that case the offense of the cross has been removed. 12 I wish those who unsettle you would emasculate themselves!
13 For you were called to freedom, brothers. Only do not use your freedom as an opportunity for the flesh, but through love serve one another. 14 For the whole law is fulfilled in one word: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” 15 But if you bite and devour one another, watch out that you are not consumed by one another.
Beware of legalistic thinking traps. As you go about your daily life, be sure to keep your hearts and thinking focused on Christ.
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Freedom in Justification by Faith - Galatians 2:11-3:29

6/23/2019

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​Sermon Notes
 
Sermon: Freedom in Justification by Faith by Rev. Jessica Johnson
Date: June 23, 2019
 
Key Scripture Passages: Galatians 2:11-3:29
 
Sermon Notes:
Freedom from Law – Gal. 2:11-21
I can imagine the apostle Paul as he writes his letter to the Galatians. Paul is on a rant. Last week, in our discussion on Galatians chapter one, we notice that his greeting is not as warm as his letters typically are. He skips over his normal thanksgiving section and all small talk. Paul jumps right into rebuking the Galatians for allowing others to infiltrate their church with false teachings. In Galatians 1:8, Paul writes, “But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach to you a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, let him be accursed.” And then he goes on to assert his authority. One of his pieces of evidence is that when he met with Cephas, otherwise known as the Apostle Peter, Paul states that what he was preaching was the same as what Peter and the other apostles are preaching, because their Gospel was from Christ and nothing man-made. Keep these things in mind as we dive back into Galatians 2, because this warning of false teachings and this assertion about teaching the One Gospel, the same as Peter, collides in verse 11.
 
Galatians 2:11 (ESV): “But when Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned.” Now, I don’t know about you, but I would have loved to have listened in on that argument. On one side, you have the Apostle Peter, who Jesus Himself said was the rock on which He would build His church. And from many other accounts, we know Peter to be rash, brazen, and temperamental. Then, on the other side, you have the Apostle Paul, who was zealous in his faith and extremely knowledgeable. Paul was zealous as a Pharisee and zealous as a Christian. I would say he had a bit of a temper himself. Here in verse 11, Paul opposes Peter to his face. Why? Just a moment ago, he was writing about how they were in agreement, and a few verses later, Paul shares how he opposes Peter.
 
Paul goes on to explain the argument, which they did eventually resolve. And, honestly, it is still a conversation that we have today. It is an argument of law versus faith, Old Testament versus New Testament, and faith versus works.
 
The 12 disciples of Jesus, most of Jesus’s followers, and even Paul himself were Jews. They were Jews by culture and ethnicity as well as religiously. As Jews, they were subject to Old Testament Law. It was not just a religion; the Jews lived by the Law. It was how their society functioned. As the Christianity spread, it began branching out to Gentiles, who were not under Jewish Law. Peter and some of the other apostles wrestled with the question: Did new converts who were not Jewish have to become Jews before they could become Christians? Were they to be held accountable to Jewish Law? Some of the specific things that were brought up were the food laws, the purity laws, and the requirement of males to be circumcised. The reason that Paul was upset with Peter was that he called Peter out on his hypocrisy of acting one way with the Gentiles when he was there on his own, but separating himself from them when other Jews were around.
 
Let’s put it in today’s terms. Do you act differently around your non-Christian friends then you do your Christian friends? Or when it is just you and your non-Christian friends do you act one way, but if a Christian friend also shows up do you act a different way? Here’s another example: Do you hold your Christian friends and your non-Christian friends to different standards or the same standard of behavioral expectations?
 
Galatians 2:12-21 states:
15 We ourselves are Jews by birth and not Gentile sinners; 16 yet we know that a person is not justified by works of the law but through faith in Jesus Christ, so we also have believed in Christ Jesus, in order to be justified by faith in Christ and not by works of the law, because by works of the law no one will be justified.
17 But if, in our endeavor to be justified in Christ, we too were found to be sinners, is Christ then a servant of sin? Certainly not! 18 For if I rebuild what I tore down, I prove myself to be a transgressor. 19 For through the law I died to the law, so that I might live to God. 20 I have been crucified with Christ. It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. 21 I do not nullify the grace of God, for if righteousness were through the law, then Christ died for no purpose.
Basically, Paul is saying, “Peter, we were saved by our faith in Christ and His grace towards us. We did not find salvation through the Law. So, then why would you turn back to the Law? Why would you expect the Gentiles to live under the Law rather than under the Gospel of Christ, when you no longer live under the Law?” Christ commanded His followers to go and spread the Gospel, not the Old Testament Law. Now, this is not to say that the Old Testament Law is not important. It is important, but it is not what brings about our salvation. Only Christ can do that.
 
Within the Gospel, there is freedom. Paul’s letter to the Galatians is called the “Magna Carta of Christian Liberty”, because he spends most of it talking about the freedom that we have in Christ. Many times, we refer to that freedom as freedom from sins or the burdens of sin. Here in this passage Paul is talking about freedom from the Law. For Peter to go back to the Law, this demonstrated legalism at its best. It was works-based rather than faith-based, and it focused on the Law rather than on Christ. It set up a false idea of requirements to be met before salvation could be received. The Judiazers, who had infiltrated the church in Galatia, mixed the messages of Law and grace. Through grace, all people are sinners, but all can be saved through faith in Christ. Under the Law, it states that the grace of God is not sufficient enough for salvation. While the Judiazers stayed consistent in their legalistic attitudes and teachings, Peter did repent and correct his actions and teachings towards the Gentiles.
 
In his letter to the Galatians on this matter of law and faith, Paul, then, proceeds to lay out 6 arguments that Christians are saved by their faith in Christ rather than their works under the Law.
 
The Personal Argument – Gal. 3:1-5
The first argument is the personal argument in Galatians 3:1-5. Paul encourages the Galatians to consider their own personal experiences with Christ when they repented and turned to Christ. Arguing something from experience can be risky, because experience can be subjective or misinterpreted. However, we should not underestimate experiential faith, what we have personally experienced from God in our lives. Personal experience can be a powerful testimony or motivator. Paul felt freely to draw on the personal experiences of the Galatians when they first converted to Christ, because Paul had been there when it had happened. He had witnessed God working in their lives and their transformation under Christ. The primary piece of evidence of salvation is the gift of the Holy Spirit, and Paul reminds the Galatians that they had received the Holy Spirit through their faith not through the Law.
 
The Scriptural Argument – Gal. 3:6-14
The second argument is the scriptural argument that Paul lays out in Galatians 3:6-14. Now, we often think of the new covenant of Christ only being in the New Testament, but Paul quotes 6 Old Testament passages to prove his point. Since the Judiazers were pushing the Galatians to the Law, Paul used the Law to counter the false teachings of the Judiazers. Here are the 6 quotes:
  1. Abraham was saved by faith (vs. 6-7) – “And he believed the Lord, and he counted it to him as righteousness.” Genesis 15:6 ESV. The Jews took great stock (and still do) in being the descendants of Abraham, but Abraham lived before Moses, and therefore, lived before the Law was given to the Jews. Later, in the New Testament, the writer of Hebrews also commends Abraham because of his faith in Hebrews 11.
  2. This salvation is for the Gentiles (vs. 8-9) – In Genesis 12:1-3 is the covenant that God makes with Abraham. In the last line, it states: “I will bless those who bless you, and him who dishonors you I will curse, and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.” Genesis 12:3 ESV. God’s covenant is not just for the Jews, but it is for all people of the earth.
  3. This salvation is by faith, not Law (vs. 10-12) – Paul quotes Deuteronomy 27:26, “‘Cursed be anyone who does not confirm the words of this law by doing them.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’” The Law demands obedience in all things. Then, Paul quotes Habakkuk 2:4, “Behold, his soul is puffed up; it is not upright within him, but the righteous shall live by his faith.” Paul’s letter to the Galatians, Paul’s letter to the Romans, and the book of Hebrews all have this as a major theme, that “the righteous shall live by faith”. Then Paul quotes Leviticus 18:5, “You shall therefore keep my statutes and my rules; if a person does them, he shall live by them: I am the Lord.” The Law says that a person must do the Law to live, but Grace says that a person must believe in Christ in order to live. The Judiazers preached a works-based, legalistic faith. But Paul wanted the Galatians to experience the freedom and joy of being in a relationship with Christ. Faith without works is dead, because good works is a natural outcome of faith in Christ. However, works without faith is mere charity. Salvation comes from faith in Christ, not works.
  4. This salvation comes through Christ (vs. 13-14) – Paul again quotes from Deuteronomy, Deuteronomy 21:23, “his body shall not remain all night on the tree, but you shall bury him the same day, for a hanged man is cursed by God. You shall not defile your land that the Lord your God is giving you for an inheritance.” The Jews did not crucify criminals, but they would stone them to death. However, in cases of extreme violation of the Law, the body was hung on a tree for all to see. Then it would be taken down and buried. This would have been a great humiliation for the criminal and their family, because normally, the Jews would have taken great care in their treatment of dead bodies. Of course, Paul specifically wanted to reference a “tree”, because Jesus died on a Cross. Again, Paul is attempting to turn the Galatians back to Christ and His Gospel. Jesus bore the curse of the Law for all of us.
 
Jesus redeemed us and freed us from the punishment of sin, which is death. He freed us from the burden of the Law and the punishment for not following the Law by fulfilling the Law Himself. Paul could not understand why the Galatians, having experienced the freedom found in Christ, would want to become imprisoned under the Law. Now that Paul has grounded the personal experience of the Galatians with Christ in Scripture, he moves on to his Logical argument.
 
The Logical Argument – Gal. 3:15-29
The third argument is the logical argument found in Galatians 3:1-29. With this point, Paul appeals to their reason and logic by explaining what a covenant is and how one works. A covenant, especially one with God, is the promise of all promises, because it is a promise that cannot be broken. God has promised salvation for all through faith. He made this promise with Abraham. The Law cannot change that promise, and the Judiazers cannot change it.
 
The Law is not greater than the promise. The Law was meant to be temporary until the Messiah (Jesus Christ) came. The Law required a mediator, such as Moses. But when God made the covenant with Abraham, He spoke to him directly with no middle man.
 
The Law was not contrary to the covenant. In fact, it had a different purpose. The Law did not provide life, only God can give life. The purpose of the Law was to reveal sin. It demonstrates why we need Christ and His grace. The Law was given to prepare the way for Jesus, the Messiah, the Savior to come. The Law cannot and was never mean to do what the covenant would do. Through the covenant, all people are saved through Christ, and all Christians are heirs to God, a part of God’s family.
 
Final Thoughts
Next week, we will cover the other 3 arguments that Paul writes to the Galatians about why faith in Christ is the way to salvation. But to share one final thought: through Christ, we also have freedom of thought. C.S. Lewis mentions this in Mere Christianity:
I have been asked to tell you what Christians believe, and I am going to begin by telling you one thing that Christians do not need to believe. If you are a Christian you do not have to believe that all the other religions are simply wrong all through. If you are an atheist you do have to believe that the main point in all the religions of the whole world is simply one huge mistake. If you are a Christian, you are free to think that all these religions, even the queerest ones, contain at least some hint of the truth.
When I was an atheist, I had to try to persuade myself that most of the human race have always been wrong about the question that mattered to them most; when I became a Christian, I was able to take a more liberal view. But, of course, being a Christian does mean thinking that where Christianity differs from other religions, Christianity is right and they are wrong. As in arithmetic—there is only one right answer to a sum, and all other answers are wrong: but some of the wrong answers are much nearer being right than others.
 
As an atheist, Lewis was imprisoned by his legalism. And it was legalistic thinking that everyone else was wrong in every single aspect. For the Jews, if one broke any aspect of the Law, then they were condemned under the Law. For the atheist, if they admitted that any other religion had a hint of truth to it, then their whole worldview would crumble. However, for the Christian, they have freedom of thought because of grace. We are free to recognize that we do not know everything and that we do not have it altogether. If we get one aspect of our faith wrong, that doesn’t mean all of Christianity will fall apart.
 
This does not mean that all religions are truth and all lead to salvation. For as Lewis said, there is only one right answer. The one and only way to salvation is Jesus. But God is everywhere, and Christianity does not crumble if a kernel of God’s truth is found elsewhere. Because we are given grace and live under God’s grace and His Spirit, we can approach others with grace. There is freedom to be found in a life under Christ, and we can share that freedom with others.

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One Gospel - Galatians 1:1-2:10

6/16/2019

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​Sermon Notes
 
Sermon: One Gospel by Rev. Jessica Johnson
Date: June 16, 2019
 
Key Scripture Passages: Galatians 1:1-2:10
 
Sermon Notes:
Introduction to Galatians
The New Testament contains several letters written to the early Christians by the Apostle Paul, mostly to churches that he had helped start and continued to mentor through letters and visits. Today, we are beginning a new sermon series on the letter that Paul wrote to the church in Galatia, a church that Paul helped to plant. Galatia was an area in Asia Minor in which the Gauls had settled, and by 25 B.C., it was a Roman province. This letter is known as Galatians, so please turn in your Bibles to Galatians 1:1. It is estimated that Paul wrote this letter about 48 A.D., before the Jerusalem Council described in Acts 15.
         
Though Galatians is one of Paul’s shorter letters, it is considered one of his most influential letters. When it was written the Christians were in the process of separating themselves from Judaism. This letter helped to clarify the differences between Christianity and Judaism. Later on, in history, it played a key role in the Protestant Reformation as they separated from the Catholic church, and Galatians is often referred to as the “Magna Carta of Christian Liberty”. Galatians, similarly to Paul’s letter to the Romans, focuses on the doctrine of justification by faith, and it emphasizes salvation by grace.
 
Historical Context & Purpose
The primary reason that Paul was writing this letter was because Judiazers had infiltrated the church in Galatia after Paul had left. The Judiazers were people who believed that people had to become Jews first in order to become Christians. For example, the Gentiles had to be circumcised and follow the Law God gave to Moses (Old Testament Law) before becoming a Christian. Judiazers were very legalistic, proclaimed a false gospel and false teachings, and did everything they could to discredit Paul and his authority. Therefore, Paul had to correct the teaching and reassert the true Gospel of Christ. In chapters 1 and 2, Paul corrects the teaching and lays out the evidence of his authority and message. In chapters 3 and 4, Paul once again teaches the Galatians about the doctrine of salvation through grace and justification of faith. In chapters 5 and 6, Paul deters them from the legalistic attitude by encouraging them to live by the power of the Holy Spirit and that when they do, the fruit of the Holy Spirit would be more evident in their lives. Salvation was not achieved by works, but works would be evidence of a life lived by faith.
 
One Gospel (Galatians 1:1-10)
Paul’s letters always begin with a greeting. However, the greeting found in the letter to the Galatians is not mere small talk, and it skips over the “thanksgiving” section typically found in Paul’s other letters. Rather, Paul does not waste time and jumps right into the crux of the problems occurring within the church in Galatia. Please follow along as I read the greeting found in Galatians 1:1-10.
 
Galatians 1:1-10 - Greeting1 Paul, an apostle—not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead-- 2 and all the brothers who are with me,
To the churches of Galatia:
3 Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ,4 who gave himself for our sins to deliver us from the present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father, 5 to whom be the glory forever and ever. Amen.
No Other Gospel6 I am astonished that you are so quickly deserting him who called you in the grace of Christ and are turning to a different gospel-- 7 not that there is another one, but there are some who trouble you and want to distort the gospel of Christ. 8 But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach to you a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, let him be accursed. 9 As we have said before, so now I say again: If anyone is preaching to you a gospel contrary to the one you received, let him be accursed.
10 For am I now seeking the approval of man, or of God? Or am I trying to please man? If I were still trying to please man, I would not be a servant of Christ.
 
The primary problem was that a false Gospel was being taught. Notice in these 10 verses that Paul mentions Christ 5 times, beginning in verse 1. Why does this matter? There are two reasons. First, Paul was trying to turn the attention of the Galatians back to Christ, who He was, what He taught, and what He had done. Second, Paul wanted to demonstrate that both his teachings and authority came from Christ.
 
Now you have to remember Paul’s background. Paul had been a Pharisee, which were a group of Jews that followed Old Testament Law zealously to the point of legalism, and they held a very strict interpretation of the Law. Therefore, Paul knew firsthand the dangers of legalistic thinking and teachings. He had persecuted Christians for following Christ. Yet, now, Paul was no longer just a man of God, but he was also a believer and follower of Jesus Christ.
 
In this greeting Paul asserts the following 4 things:
  • Paul is an apostle of Jesus Christ and not speaking to them on behalf of other men.
  • Paul asserts that Jesus died for all our sins to deliver us from evil according to God’s will, and all glory is for God. That is the Gospel in a nutshell. Paul immediately jumps right in there stating the Gospel.
  • Paul chastises the Galatians from turning towards false teachings away from the true Gospel so quickly. He warns them that there are some who are purposely distorting the Gospel.
  • Paul tells the Galatians that if anyone, even Paul himself or one of his companions, teaches a gospel different from the Gospel of Christ, then let them be accursed.
 
Does any of this remind you of life today? Verse 10 really stood out to me as I reflected on it this week in light of our world today. “If I were still trying to please man, then I would not be a servant of Christ.” Just think about that for a moment. Christianity is not politically correct. Think of times when your Christian beliefs have made you stand out or apart from society, perhaps in an unpopular way. Are we trying to please man or God? Do we serve man or God? Do people try to redefine Christian doctrines and beliefs to support their own agenda or so they can keep living in their sin? Christianity is not ruled by culture, but rather, it can influence culture. In his letter to the Ephesians (Chapter 4, verses 4-6), Paul writes:
4 There is one body and one Spirit—just as you were called to the one hope that belongs to your call-- 5 one Lord, one faith, one baptism, 6 one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all. 7 But grace was given to each one of us according to the measure of Christ's gift.
Here in the first chapter of his letter to the Galatians, Paul reminds them that there is ONE GOSPEL.
 
Today, Christianity is splintered into various denominations which are further splintered into various versions of those denominations. Some of those splits are a result of differences of opinions regarding practices and traditions. Others are a result of differing interpretations. But some are deeper issues rooted in belief of essential doctrines of Christianity. These deeper issues, such as an attack or distortion of the Gospel message itself is what Paul was facing and what we still face in Christianity today. People infiltrate the church, sometimes even at the highest levels of leadership within a denomination, in order to spread a false teaching. These false teachings are called apostacy. Apostacy is not just a mistake in one’s teaching. Its very definition implies motive as well. Apostasy is when someone purposely distorts teaching for their own agenda.
 
Right now, I think that you could probably think of an example of apostasy, someone using alternative or just plain false interpretations of the Bible as justification for their own agenda. This could be using a verse out of context or as a rationalization to continue in their sin. Remember, this is intentional deception. When this happens, we need to listen to Paul’s words to the Galatians and turn our eyes back to Jesus and His Gospel, what Jesus did and taught. We can use Scripture as a measure in which to test the teachings of others.
 
Paul’s Authority (Galatians 1:11-2:10)
Paul continues in his letter to assert his authority and to let the Galatians know that Paul knows what he is talking about. Let’s look at Galatians 1:11-24. Paul tells the Galatians that he has been called by God.       
 
Galatians 1:11-24 - Paul Called by God11 For I would have you know, brothers, that the gospel that was preached by me is not man's gospel. 12 For I did not receive it from any man, nor was I taught it, but I received it through a revelation of Jesus Christ. 13 For you have heard of my former life in Judaism, how I persecuted the church of God violently and tried to destroy it. 14 And I was advancing in Judaism beyond many of my own age among my people, so extremely zealous was I for the traditions of my fathers.15 But when he who had set me apart before I was born, and who called me by his grace, 16 was pleased to reveal his Son to me, in order that I might preach him among the Gentiles, I did not immediately consult with anyone; 17 nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me, but I went away into Arabia, and returned again to Damascus.
18 Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to visit Cephas and remained with him fifteen days. 19 But I saw none of the other apostles except James the Lord's brother. 20 (In what I am writing to you, before God, I do not lie!) 21 Then I went into the regions of Syria and Cilicia.22 And I was still unknown in person to the churches of Judea that are in Christ. 23 They only were hearing it said, “He who used to persecute us is now preaching the faith he once tried to destroy.” 24 And they glorified God because of me.
 
Now, we have all heard people say things like God has told me or called me to do such and such. I once had someone tell me that God has called them to marry a minister. Now, I treat such claims with skepticism and so should you. However, when Paul claims that he was called by God, and that God Himself gave him the Gospel message, this is not a frivolous self-serving claim. Rather, it is Paul’s testimony.
 
Acts 9 tells the story. Paul was in the midst of persecuting Christians and was traveling to Damascus. On his journey, God literally knocked Paul to the ground and was like, “Hey, Paul, why are you persecuting me?” Paul asked who was talking, because he was being blinded by a bright light from Heaven. And the voice said, “I am Jesus.” And then, Jesus told Paul to go to the city to get further instructions. Paul was blind for the next 3 days. Now the interesting thing about this story is that Paul was not alone when this happened. The men that were with Paul heard the voice of Jesus talking to Paul, but they could not see the light or anything. So, when Paul says Jesus called me to do this, he is referring to actual conversations that he had with Jesus Christ after Jesus had already ascended into Heaven. Jesus personally assigned Paul his mission to the Gentiles.
 
Let’s look back at Galatians 1:11-24. How does Paul establish his authority?
  • Paul asserts that the Gospel that he preaches was not taught to him by any man, but rather Jesus Christ himself.
  • Paul refers to his former life and how he had been transformed by God’s grace. He had gone from trying to destroy Christianity to trying to promote it.
  • Paul begin his ministry to the Gentiles, preaching the Gospel of Christ, before even going up to Jerusalem and the other apostles.
  • Paul preached 3 years before going to see Peter (Cephas). Then, he spent 15 days with Peter and some time with James, the brother of Jesus. This was a personal visit to get to know Peter. There is no mention that Paul was there for theological instruction. However, that does not mean that they did not learn from each other.
  • Then, Paul went back out to preach to the Gentiles.
 
Basically, Paul is summing up his conversion to Christianity as this: God did this by grace through Jesus Christ for the sake of others and for God’s glory. As if those credentials weren’t enough, Paul continues on in Galatian 2:1-10 providing evidence of his authority, mission, and message given to him directly from Jesus Christ and not from any man.
 
Galatians 2:1-10 - Paul Accepted by the Apostles2 Then after fourteen years I went up again to Jerusalem with Barnabas, taking Titus along with me. 2 I went up because of a revelation and set before them (though privately before those who seemed influential) the gospel that I proclaim among the Gentiles, in order to make sure I was not running or had not run in vain. 3 But even Titus, who was with me, was not forced to be circumcised, though he was a Greek. 4 Yet because of false brothers secretly brought in—who slipped in to spy out our freedom that we have in Christ Jesus, so that they might bring us into slavery-- 5 to them we did not yield in submission even for a moment, so that the truth of the gospel might be preserved for you. 6 And from those who seemed to be influential (what they were makes no difference to me; God shows no partiality)—those, I say, who seemed influential added nothing to me. 7 On the contrary, when they saw that I had been entrusted with the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as Peter had been entrusted with the gospel to the circumcised 8 (for he who worked through Peter for his apostolic ministry to the circumcised worked also through me for mine to the Gentiles),9 and when James and Cephas and John, who seemed to be pillars, perceived the grace that was given to me, they gave the right hand of fellowship to Barnabas and me, that we should go to the Gentiles and they to the circumcised. 10 Only, they asked us to remember the poor, the very thing I was eager to do.
 
It was not for another 14 years, that Paul returned to Jerusalem and finally met the other apostles. He had been preaching about 17 years before he took counsel with the them. They were not the ones that had taught him. Rather, Paul was guided by Jesus himself. When Paul did go up to the apostles, he privately told them the Gospel that he had been preaching to the Gentiles. Guess what?! It matched the Gospel they had been preaching to the Jews. Why? Because there is only ONE GOSPEL OF JESUS CHRIST. Jews or Gentiles, circumcised or uncircumcised…the message of Christ was the same for all. The apostles embraced Paul and Barnabas and, in essence, were unified in fellowship under Jesus Christ. They encouraged Paul and Barnabas to continue in their ministry.
 
The Gospel Today
There will be people who persecute us for our faith, and there will be people who come with hidden agendas to distort the Gospel and teachings of Jesus Christ. But just like Paul, we have Jesus on our side and the gift of the Holy Spirit guiding us. Just like Paul, we have God’s Word, the Bible, in which we can test all teachings against to make sure they are the Truth.
 
There is just one Gospel. Jesus Christ, the one and only Son of God, came to earth to heal, to teach, and to minister to us. Jesus, a completely innocent person, died for every sin of every person that ever existed or will exist, and then he defeated death and came back to Life. Jesus, then ascended into Heaven, entrusting us into the care of the Holy Spirit, whose job it is to transform us into becoming a new creation that is more like Christ every day and to equip and empower us to do God’s will. We are saved by our faith and God’s grace. There is only one Gospel, and it is the same today as it was when Paul taught it.

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Pentecost Sunday: Transformation

6/9/2019

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Sermon Notes
 
Sermon: Pentecost: Transformation by Rev. Jessica Johnson
Date: June 9, 2019 Pentecost Sunday
 
Key Scripture Passages: Acts 1-2
 
Sermon Notes:
Pentecost: Festival of Harvest
Today is the Day of Pentecost. Originally though, it was not called Pentecost. It actually marks a Jewish holiday known as the Festival of the Harvest, because it celebrates the early wheat harvest, which is normally in May or June.
 
Another Jewish festival, known as the Festival of Firstfruits marks the day the Jews celebrated the early barley harvest. If you take the first day of the Festival of Firstfruits and count 50 days forward, then that 50th day was the day of the Festival of the Harvest (what we know as Pentecost). Because 50 days is about 7 weeks, which could be termed as “a week of weeks”, Pentecost or the Festival of Harvest was also sometimes called the Festival of Weeks.
 
Christians celebrate Pentecost for a different kind of harvest. Acts 1 (ESV) tells the story of the ascension of Jesus, and the calling of Matthias to replace Judas as an apostle. Acts 1:15 (ESV) states that gathered with the disciples when Matthias was chosen were about 120 followers of Christ, including Mary, Jesus’s mother, and the other women that had followed Jesus.
 
However, when we get to Acts 2, the Day of Pentecost, we will see that many more Jews were gathered in one place for the festival. Acts 2:41 (ESV) states, “So those who received his word were baptized, and there were added that day about three thousand souls.” If 3 thousand were added, then that means there were more than 3 thousand people present at the Day of Pentecost in Acts 2 (ESV). As for who was preaching that day, it wasn’t Jesus. He had already ascended into Heaven before that. No, it was Peter that was preaching that day.
 
And Peter was preaching the Word of God and telling the Jews about the Gospel of Christ.
 
Transformation of Peter and Other Disciples
How did Peter go from hiding in the shadows, denying that he knew Christ right after Jesus was arrested, to speaking boldly to thousands of Jews about Christ just weeks after the Jews had demanded that Christ die on the Cross?
 
In Christianity, we talk a lot about transformation. We are to become a new creature in Christ, a new creation. But what exactly is it that causes this transformation? We already know that we can’t do it on our own. The entire Old Testament is proof that humans cannot achieve salvation or transformation without God’s help. If I were to ask you what is the one thing that renews us, the one thing that transforms us, according the Christian faith, I wonder what your answer might be.
 
The Crucifixion
Some people point to the Cross. Jesus died on the Cross for our sins. He took on the punishment for sin, so that we wouldn’t have to. Jesus’s death was our redemption, because He paid the price for us. Jesus’s death on the Cross is instrumental. Without it, we would still have to pay the price for our sins. Without the death of Jesus, neither His defeat of death and Resurrection nor what followed would have occurred.
 
Someone, who is completely innocent, that is willing to die for something bad that I did is one thing. But Someone, who is completely innocent of all sin, who is willing to die for every bad thing that every person that ever existed or will exist did is another. That is what Jesus did, and it would certainly be something that caught people’s attention. It is certainly one of the primary aspects of Christianity.
YET, as important as the Cross and Jesus’s death are to the Christian faith, that is not what caused Peter and the other apostles to be radically transformed. In fact, when Jesus was being tortured and executed, the 12 disciples were far from being bold. Peter is denying he knows Christ (Mark 14, Luke 22, John 18). Judas commits suicide out of guilt from betraying Christ (Matthew 27). And the rest are scattered to the winds (Matthew 26:56, Mark 14:15).
 
The Resurrection
Other people talk about the Resurrection as the turning point in the Christian faith. And in many ways, it is. The Resurrection is the crux of the Christian faith. Jesus defeated death and came back to life. The power of God is insurmountable; nothing can defeat God. God is the source of life, all life, and He brings us life not death as the Resurrection of Christ demonstrates. Let me tell you, if I saw someone come back to life after being dead for 3 days, then that would definitely get my attention. It would make me wonder about how they did it and if they had found some secret to eternal life or something. It may change me knowing the power that God had over death. It may make me want to follow God.
 
However, the Resurrection was not what radically transformed Peter and the other disciples. They had seen Jesus raise people from the dead before, like Lazarus (John 11-12) and Jairus’s daughter (Mark 5, Luke 8). Jesus had spent about 40 days with the disciples after His Resurrection, eating and talking with them and teaching them. This was not a one-time appearance. And, in spite of all that, in our exploration of Jesus’s post-Resurrection appearances, we discover that Jesus had to convince the disciples that He was not a ghost, that He was really back from the dead.
 
The Holy Spirit Descended
The reason that Peter and the remaining disciples came out of the shadows and began to speak boldly was that the Holy Spirit descended upon them. Whenever the Holy Spirit appears, things happen. The Holy Spirit descended upon Mary, and she became pregnant with Jesus, God’s own Son. The Holy Spirit descended upon Jesus in the form of a dove at His baptism. This was the beginning of His ministry on earth. He performed miracles, cast out demons, healed the sick, and raised the dead. The Holy Spirit descended on the apostle Paul, and he went from persecuting Christians to being one of their strongest leaders.
 
And on the Day of Pentecost, the Holy Spirit came down in a rushing wind upon Peter, the other disciples, and all of the thousands of people that were with them. The Holy Spirit caused the people to begin speaking in other languages about God’s mighty works so that those from other countries would understand. Some on-lookers accused them of being drunk. At this point Peter could be silent no more and begins preaching.
 
His sermon begins like this in Acts 2:14-21 (ESV):
14 But Peter, standing with the eleven, lifted up his voice and addressed them: “Men of Judea and all who dwell in Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and give ear to my words. 15 For these people are not drunk, as you suppose, since it is only the third hour of the day. 16 But this is what was uttered through the prophet Joel:
17 “‘And in the last days it shall be, God declares,
that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh,
and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy,
    and your young men shall see visions,
    and your old men shall dream dreams;
18 even on my male servants and female servants
    in those days I will pour out my Spirit, and they shall prophesy.
19 And I will show wonders in the heavens above
    and signs on the earth below,
    blood, and fire, and vapor of smoke;
20 the sun shall be turned to darkness
    and the moon to blood,
    before the day of the Lord comes, the great and magnificent day.
21 And it shall come to pass that everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.’
And Peter continues preaching on from there, but the coming of the Holy Spirit was a fulfilment of Old Testament prophecy.
 
When the Holy Spirit descended upon the Jews on the Day of Pentecost, this is what is known as the beginning of the church of Christ, and the Holy Spirit’s descension is what Christians celebrate on the Day of Pentecost. If the Holy Spirit has the power to equip, to empower, and to transform all of these people, then He can certainly move in your life, transforming you to be more like Christ and equipping and empowering you to do God’s will. We are all called to be witnesses of what God has done in the past, especially in our own lives as well as in the Bible. In fact, God is already active in your life, and He has given you everything you need for following Him and becoming a part of God’s kingdom and family.

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To See You Once More: The Promise of the Holy SPirit

6/2/2019

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Sermon Notes
 
Sermon: To See You Once More: The Promise of the Holy Spirit by Rev. Jessica Johnson
Date: June 2, 2019
 
Key Scripture Passages: John 15:26-16:15
 
Sermon Notes:
Dad and Jeffersonville
After someone dies, many people talk about still feeling their presence. I don’t believe in ghosts, but I know some people who do, and they swear they have seen their loved one after their death. However, there is something to that feeling of someone’s presence after their death. Maybe it is just the nostalgic comfort of sweet memories? Maybe it is being in a place that meant something very personal to you and that person? Maybe some aspect of their spirit really is with us? We may never know for certain, but there are times when the memories of my loved ones are so present that it feels as if I could just turn around and see them.
 
Last week, we went to Michigan, but on our way up, we stopped to see some of my old friends in Ohio. Our route led us right past a tiny town that I lived in when I was in 1st and 2nd grade. In that town, there is a church where my Dad used to be the senior pastor, and we lived in the parsonage right behind it. I convinced Kevin to take a detour, so that we could go see it.
 
I had not stood there since I was 8 years old. The current minister was gracious enough to let us walk around the church and even the parsonage. Not much has changed in that little town. It matched my memories so well. It was amazing. As I entered the sanctuary, I immediately burst into tears. Because as I looked up at the pulpit, my mind was immediately transported to the past when I was a little girl looking up at my Dad preaching from behind that pulpit. It was overwhelming, and I felt my Dad’s presence and had memories of the way that he used to be before he got sick.
 
Memory is a powerful thing, and you never know what will trigger it. It could be a person, a place, an object, someone’s mannerisms, or anything. They say that the strongest sense tied to memory is that of smell. For me, it was the place, standing inside that church, and I was overwhelmed with memories of my Dad.
 
The Disciples
When the disciples lost their friend, Jesus, on the cross, they experienced profound grief. They lost their friend, their teacher and mentor, and their purpose. When Jesus arose from the dead, He had to convince them that He was real and not a ghost. The disciples so desperately wanted to see Jesus just once more, and they got their wish as we have been talking about for the past few weeks. Jesus stayed with them for another 40 days or so, teaching and just spending time with them. But His stay was temporary, and the poor disciples had to experience the grief of losing Jesus all over again. They didn’t yet comprehend the full power of God, who is omnipresent. He is everywhere. When Jesus left, He promised the disciples that they would not be alone. While Jesus physically would not be there, the Holy Spirit would.
 
The Last Supper
At the Last Supper, Jesus tells the disciples about what is coming and that He would be leaving them soon. Jesus also tells them about the Holy Spirit, or the Helper, that will be with them always.
In John 15:26-16:15, Jesus states:
26 “But when the Helper comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth, who proceeds from the Father, he will bear witness about me. 27 And you also will bear witness, because you have been with me from the beginning.
16 “I have said all these things to you to keep you from falling away.2 They will put you out of the synagogues. Indeed, the hour is coming when whoever kills you will think he is offering service to God. 3 And they will do these things because they have not known the Father, nor me. 4 But I have said these things to you, that when their hour comes you may remember that I told them to you.
The Work of the Holy Spirit
“I did not say these things to you from the beginning, because I was with you. 5 But now I am going to him who sent me, and none of you asks me, ‘Where are you going?’ 6 But because I have said these things to you, sorrow has filled your heart. 7 Nevertheless, I tell you the truth: it is to your advantage that I go away, for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you. But if I go, I will send him to you. 8 And when he comes, he will convict the world concerning sin and righteousness and judgment: 9 concerning sin, because they do not believe in me;10 concerning righteousness, because I go to the Father, and you will see me no longer; 11 concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world is judged.
12 “I still have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now.13 When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth, for he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you the things that are to come. 14 He will glorify me, for he will take what is mine and declare it to you. 15 All that the Father has is mine; therefore I said that he will take what is mine and declare it to you.
Though the disciples did not understand at the time, we do. Jesus was gently letting them know that He was leaving them soon. Jesus also was warning the disciples that the world, even their own synagogues, would turn on them because of their association with Him. However, Jesus promised they would have a Helper, the Holy Spirit. His presence would always be with them.
 
Final Thoughts
The strong memories of my Dad almost brought me to my knees in a sudden and unexpected way. I was overwhelmed with emotions that I could actually feel the force of it physically. Yet, those were just memories. If mere memories could cause such a forceful reaction, imagine what the actual presence of the Holy Spirit could do.
 
When the Holy Spirit comes upon a person, the Holy Spirit is really there. He is not a memory. I know there are times when I have felt the presence of God strongly. This is not triggered by a memory, because I did not have personal interaction with Jesus during His life on earth. I am not imagining His presence with me. Rather, His spirit truly is with me and in me. The power of the Holy Spirit is what empowers and equips us to transform into a new creation in Christ, to change to be more like Christ, and to do God’s will, continuing Christ’s ministry. The force of the presence of the Holy Spirit may knock you to your knees from time to time, but He can give you the strength, the gifts, and the power to do great things for God.
 
When the Holy Spirit descended as a dove onto Jesus after His baptism, Jesus began to do many wonders and healings. It was the start of His ministry. When the Holy Spirit descended upon the disciples at Pentecost, they were changed men. No longer hiding in the shadows, the disciples boldly proclaimed the Gospel of Christ, many at the cost of their own lives.
 
If a mere memory can come upon someone so strongly, imagine what the actual Spirit of God could do. Just think of what the Holy Spirit could do with your life. Truthfully, it may be beyond our imaginations. But we will never know until we submit our lives to God and allow Him to work through us.

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    Rev. Jessica Johnson


    ​A few of my favorite things…

     
    Meaningful Passages:
    John 1:1-14
    Acts 8:26-40
    Colossians 4:2-6
    2 Timothy 3:16-17
    1 Peter 3:14-17
     
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    J.R.R. Tolkien
    James W. Sire
    Jane Austen
    Ravi Zacharias
     
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